• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a device for a rock bolt 1 which is intended to be poured into a borehole 16, the rock bolt being provided with an ion-guided tube 2 with a channel 7 where an elongated electric conductor means 1G which is inserted into the channel of the pipe and that the sensor means is connected to the rock end a monitoring device 15 designed to be connected to the rocker 1, an electrical circuit 33 being provided by interconnecting the rocker 1, the sensor means 10 and the monitoring device 15, and the monitoring device having an evaluation means 35 for evaluating the presence of change in the signaling condition of the device 36. the invention also relates to a method for using said device and to a reinforcement system comprising such device.
    公开号:SE1451357A1
    申请号:SE1451357
    申请日:2014-11-13
    公开日:2016-05-14
    发明作者:Leif Gustafsson
    申请人:Rock Safety Sweden Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    lDevice for rock bolt and method of use of the device and reinforcement system including such device.
    The invention relates to a device for a rock bolt of the type stated in the preamble of claim 1, a method for using the device and a reinforcement system comprising saiddevice.
    Bolting is the most common reinforcement of rock that is subject to slow deformation or sudden fractures. Basic requirements for rock bolts are that they must carry a large load and withstand large degrees of elongation before the bolt breaks. A large number of rock bolts inserted and anchored by casting boreholes in a rock structure together form a reinforcement system that stabilizes and reinforcesthe rock structure in connection with tunnel construction, mining, local mining and the like.
    There are different types of bolts intended for such reinforcement systems. An example of a bolt pre-casting in a reinforcement system is a so-called kiruna bolt or comb steel rock bolt which also consists of a rod of solid steel. Bolts of this type usually have at their front end a single anchoring device such as a wedge for mechanical anchoring in the bottom of the borehole, and at the end closest to the borehole mouth the bolt is provided with threads for receiving a mounting bracket, usually in the form of nut and washer. rock material such as the surrounding borehole mouth. This type of rock reinforcement system obtains its main load-bearing capacity through the adhesion along the entire length of the rock bolt that the casting mass entails. There are also other types of rock bolts, for example dynamic rock bolts, which differ from the denkam steel bolt in that it is provided along a central portion with a sleeve or the like, whereby the casting of the bolt mainly takes place along two anchoring zones, partly along a front bolt portion atthe bottom of the borehole and partly along a bolt portion closest to the borehole mouth.
    Another type of rock bolt is a cable bolt or wire bolt that consists of a 7-piece twisted steel wire.
    All of these types of bolts can be 3-10 m long and are intended for casting in casting compound.
    A problem with rock reinforcement systems consisting of cast rock bolts is that there are sometimes unknown cracks and natural cavities that are filled by the portion of casting mass that is injected into the borehole, whereby the subsequently inserted rock bolt is insufficiently cast into the borehole, which may haveas a result, the reinforcement system becomes deficient and obtains a reduced load-bearing capacity.
    Another problem is that rock reinforcement systems used in fractured rock are exposed to large stresses. The rock bolts can be loaded locally along places where they cross large rock cracksbetween blocks and is subjected to a large load which causes the bolts to be significantly deformed through2stretching and elongation. In some cases, the load thus exceeds the rock-absorbing capacity of the rock boltthat fractures occur on the rock bolt, thereby weakening the reinforcement system.
    It is therefore important to check that reinforcement systems of this kind really correspond to thosehigh safety requirements both initially and long term.
    An effective method for directly detecting the presence of a cavity in a borehole at cast-in bolts is shown in document SE 533769. This method enables the detection of whether there are any cavitiesleft shortly after the hardening casting compound and rock bolt were inserted into the borehole.
    SE533769 discloses a reinforcing member, a rock bolt, which has a pipe with a channel for introducing a medium into the borehole. The wall of the pipe is provided with radially directed holes, openings. When using the method and system according to SE533769, the rock bolt is inserted into a borehole shortly after the borehole has been filled with uncured fill mass. By supplying a pressurized medium to the borehole via the pipe, it is examined whether there is a cavity adjacent to the rock bolt. In such a case, the medium flows through the holes, the openings to the cavity on the outside of the tube. This results in a measurable pressure change which indicates that there is a cavity adjacent to the rock bolt, which directly gives an indication of the load bearing capacity of the bolt initially. However, since the rock structure, in particular a fractured rock structure, can change over time, it is of the utmost importance to also receive information about bolt status later on. There is therefore a need to be able to easily and reliably evaluate andmonitor the rock bolt condition and load bearing capacity regularly and for a long time.
    An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an apparatus and a method fordetection of the condition of rock bolt embedded in a borehole.
    This object of the invention is solved by a device with the features according to the characterizing part of claim 1 and a method with the features according to the characterizing part of claim 14 and a reinforcement system according to claim 23 comprising said device. Additional benefits ofthe invention is apparent from the subclaims.
    According to the invention, the device is intended for a rock bolt which is to be cast into a borehole where the rock bolt is provided with a longitudinal pipe with a channel. According to the invention, a longitudinally electrically conductive sensor means is inserted in the channel of the tube, the sensor means being connected to the front end of the rock bolt. The device further comprises a monitoring device designed to project the end of the rock bolt protruding from the borehole after the casting has been carried out, that an electrical conducting circuit is formed by interconnecting the rock bolt, the sensor means and the monitoring device.
    The device further comprises that the monitoring device has evaluation means intended to1GBf)3evaluate the presence of change in the state of the outside and signaling device for signaling ofthe condition of the rock bolt.
    The device according to the invention detects and indicates the condition, the status, of a castrock bolt and state changes, status changes in the rock bolt such as elongation and interruption.
    The sensor means is arranged to follow the elongation and elongation of the rock bolt. The monitoring device and the guillotine means are designed so that the sensor means can be moved a distance, thus it is also possible to determine the extent of the outside strain e. The monitoring device thus shows whether the bolt hasstretched and weakened and has reduced power absorption capacity.
    By checking that the electrical circuit consisting of the rock bolt, the sensor means and the monitoring device is closed, it is possible to evaluate in a simple manner whether a rock bolt is intact or has been subjected to interruption. When the circuit is broken, it is detected by the monitoring device which signalsthat the bolt has come off.
    Another brought! with the device according to the invention is that if the bolt is affected by transverse forces through the displacement of rock material and the outside discharges by shearing, it is possible to determine where the rupture took place, since the sensor means in such a failure also discharges in the same area. The positlon for the break then goes todetermine by removing the glare member from the tube measuring the length of the removed sensor member.In one embodiment, the monitoring device is provided with grain communication means for wireless network communication (Wi-Fl) or radio communication via mobile telephone network for transmitting and possibly receiving information regarding the rock bolt status and / or status change, elongation, extension extent etc. This is advantageous because the information can be presented.centers! presentation unit far from the mountain louite.
    It is beneficial to provide a spirit! of the bolts in a reinforcing system with the device according to the invention. Centers! monitoring by wireless network communication between each individual bolt equipped with an evaluation unit and with a central presentation unit significantly improved possibilities for control and monitoring of the entire reinforcement system in tunnels andmines.In one embodiment of the invention, the tube attached to the rock bout is provided with openings, slits along the tube wall. The tube can then also be used for direct examination of the presence of the roll at an initial stage shortly after casting. Thereby, the tube can be used for two purposes, namelyevaluation of the individual bearing capacity of each individual rock bolt both initially and in the long term.5In the following, the invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the followingdescription of an embodiment of the invention in which:Fig. 1 schematically shows the front end of a rock bolt with a tube and sensor means according to an embodimentof the device.
    Fig. 2 schematically shows the end of the rock bolt closest to the borehole mouth with the monitoring deviceaccording to the same embodiment as shown in Fig. 1.
    Figs. 3a-d schematically show the casting of a rock bolt comprising a pipe in a borehole and schematicallyshows examination of the presence of a cavity in the borehole.
    Fig. 4 schematically shows the front end of a rock bolt with a pipe and sensor means according to anotherembodiment of the device according to the invention.Fig. 5 schematically shows the monitoring device according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Fig. 6 schematically shows the monitoring device according to an embodiment of the invention.
    DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTSFigs. 1 and 2 schematically show an embodiment of the device according to the invention. The device according to the invention comprises a rock bolt 1 provided with a longitudinal, longitudinal, pipe 2 where the pipe has a front first end 3 arranged at the anchoring end 4 of the rock bolt and a second end 5 arranged at the mounting end 6 of the rock bolt. The pipe has a channel 7 and a pipe wall 8, and is attached to the rock bolt 1 with fastening devices 9. The channel 7 extends between the front end 3 of the pipe and the other end 5 of the pipe 5closest to the mounting end of the rock bolt 6.
    The device according to the invention also comprises an elongate sensor member 10 which is inserted into the tube channel 7. The sensor member 10 consists of a thin loop of electrically conductive material such as wire or piano-type wire, which is inserted into the tube channel 7. The sensor member 10 has a front end 11 which is secure the anchor end 4 of the rock bolt with a screw connection 12 or the like to form an electrically conductiveconnection.
    The channel 7 of the pipe can be sealed at the front end 3 possibly by melt sealing the pipe to prevent molded material 13 from penetrating into the channel 7. The sensor means 10 is designed to be longer than the pipe 2 and has a coupling end 14 intended to be connected to a monitoring device 15 next to the rock bolt.mounting end 6. The sensor means 10 is freely movable inside the channel 7 of the tube, and is arranged in parallel with5berg bolt 1 and can thus follow the rock bolt changes. If the rock bolt is stretched, the sensor means 10 will react in a corresponding manner and be moved with the anchoring end 4 of the rock bolt. The rock bolt 1 detaches as a result of increased load in a certain area, so the sensor means can also under certainconditions go off next to the same area.
    Figs. 3 a-d schematically show the casting of a rock bolt 1 comprising a pipe 2 into a borehole 16 by eighteen portions of casting mass 13 being injected into the borehole 16 with a nozzle 17, usually a hose. The borehole 16 is filled from the borehole bottom 18, then the hose is pulled out during the filling. Then the rock bolt 1 is inserted intoborehole 16.
    Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the device according to the invention in connection with a rock bolt 1 of the comb steel type. The rock bolt 1 can also be designed as a cable bolt or a dynamic rock bolt. A type of dynamic rock bolt (not shown in the figure) is provided with one or more enclosing sleeves which have the task of preventing the bolt from being firmly molded into casting mass 13 along its entire length. This causes the boltability to stretch and elongate is utilized thereby increasing the force absorbing ability of the bolt.
    When the bolt 1 with the pipe 2 is inserted into the borehole 16, a mounting bracket 20, a washer 21 with nut 22 is mounted on the protruding mounting end 16 of the rock bolt closest to the borehole mouth 19. The tube 2 is preferably slightly longer than the rock bolt 1 and protrudes from the borehole 16.21 can be formed with a hole 23 through which the tube 2 with the sensor means 10 can be passed.
    Rock material 25 can be constituted in different ways, sometimes there are unknown cracks 26 and natural cavities which are filled by an injected portion of casting compound 13. This means that the portion of casting mass injected may be insufficient to fix the rock bolt, which may result in the reinforcement system included in the bolt. is deficient and has insufficient load-bearing capacity. When the rock bolt 1 with the pipe is inserted into the seemingly filled borehole 16, cavities or cavities 26 may arise along the bolt which are difficult to detect. In particular, such cavity (s) 26 usually occur at the innermost part, deepest inside the borehole. In such a case, there is a risk that the upper part of the bolt is not properly anchored by the casting compound. If this is not the case, part of the load-bearing capacity of the bolt is lost. In additionincreases the risk of corrosion on the bolt as the rock itself can be damp.
    Fig. 4 schematically shows another embodiment of the device where the pipe wall 8 of the pipe 2 is provided with a set of closable openings 27, cuts or slits which are initially closed (see Fig. 4) but can be opened by supplying pressurized medium 30 to the pipe channel 7 to detect the presence of cavity 26 in the borehole. The openings 27 can be distributed along the entire length of the tube, but are mainlydistributed over the front end of the pipe 3 next to the anchor end 4 of the bolt.islandIf the pipe 2 is designed with openings 27 for examining the presence of cavity 26, such an examination is carried out shortly after the outer has been inserted into the borehole (scliematically illustrated in Fig. Zdl to find out whether the rock outer 1 is correctly cast and satisfactorily anchored so that rock bolt force absorbing ability meets the desired requirements for load-bearing capacity.The investigation mainly intends to investigate whether the anchoring end 4 of the rock bolt is well cast in. During the investigation, a pressurized medium 30 is supplied from a measuring device 28 temporarily connected to the breath damper 29 to the pipe end 5 closest to the borehole mouth. The Zö borehole in direct connection to the rock bolt 1 and the pipe 2, a pressure change occurs in the medium or a medium flow which the measuring equipment 28 detects.cavity is located along the rock bolt.
    The device according to the invention also comprises a monitoring device which is fitted to the mounting end of the rocker bolt 6. The monitoring device 15 can be designed to be screwed directly onto the rocker thread 24, for example with a nut 32. The monitoring device 15 is bolted so that an electrically conductive coupling is formed, for example through the nut 32. examination of the anchorage of the rock bolt in the bottom end of the drill pin by measuring the presence of cavity 26 is carried out,the monitoring device 15 is attached to the bolt after such examination.
    By interconnecting the monitoring device 15, the rock bolt 1 and the glare device 1G, an electrically conductive closed circuit 33 is formed. Fig. 5 shows a variant of a monitoring device 15 which comprises a detection means 34, an exchange means 35, a signaling device 36 andpower supply 37kThe detecting means 34 is designed to detect a change of position of the sensor means 10. The detecting means 34 comprises a linear potentiometer or sliding potentiometer 38 provided with a lead contact 39 for forming an electrically conductive connection of the detection means 34 to the coupling end 40 of the sensor means 10. with the length of the sensor 10. The position of the sliding contact 39 is represented by a voltage Usom which will vary between Umin and Umax depending on the position of the sensor means. The detection means 34 is designed so that the sensor means 1G can be moved a maximum of a predetermined, adjustable displacement distance max. Since the sensor means 10 is attached to the anchoring end 4 of the rock bolt and to the monitoring device 15, the sensor means are affected in a corresponding manner and will thus be moved at the same time as the rock bolt is extended. If rock bolt is stretched and extended, the sensor member 10 and the sliding contact 39 are moved the corresponding distance, wherebypotentiometer 38 detects a voltage change dtJ.The detecting means 34 also comprises means 41 for detecting conductivity in the electrically conductive circuit 33 consisting of the bolt 1, the monitoring device 15 and the sensor means 10. The circuit 33 is closed, the detecting means 34 indicates this to the evaluation means 35. If the rock bolt 1 is subjected to the bolt break 33. lack of conductivity indicatesthe detecting means that bolt breakage has occurred.
    In displacements in the surrounding rock material 25, forces arise which act on the rock bolt and the associated, fixed, sensor member 10 which runs in the channel 7. The rock bolt absorbs the forces and can be deformed, elongated and stretched by elastic and plastic deformation. Bergbulten's condition,affected by this and change.
    If the rock material 25 is displaced mainly in the longitudinal direction of the rock bolt, the bolt is stretched and bolt breakage occurs when the force-absorbing ability of the bolt is exceeded. The bolt break breaks the circuit 33 and the monitoring device 15 signals this in a suitable manner. If the rock material 25 around the rock bolt is displaced in the transverse direction, the bolt and the sensor member 10 are pushed off in the same area. The donor body canis removed from the pipe and measured to give an indication of where the fault area is.The monitoring device also comprises an evaluation means 35 designed for receiving and evaluating signals 42 from the detector unit 34. The evaluation means comprises data processors for processing incoming signals 42 and producing output signals 51 with respect tothe condition of the bolt and the change of state to the signaling device 36. The signaling device 36 is designed for signaling of bolt state and state changes.
    Fig. 5 shows that the signaling device 36 comprises LEDs 43.1; 43.2 which may emit flashing orfixed light signal in different colors. The LEDs are arranged clearly visible on the housing 44 of the monitor.The monitoring device according to Fig. 5 is designed to signal several types of state changes in the rock bolt. If the evaluation means finds that the sensor means 10 and the movement of the sliding contact exceed the predetermined maximum distance sme, the signaling device 36 thereby indicates a flashing yellow LED 43.1 to signal that the rock bolt has been stretched. If the evaluation means 35 finds that the circuit 33 is broken, ie that the rock bolt has come off, a red LED 43.2 flashes.
    Of course, the signaling device 36 can be varied and adapted to different situations.
    It is also conceivable to signal on detection that the sensor means 10 and the sliding contact have been moved, displaced along the contact surface of the potentiometer. Then it is indicated that the bolt has been stretched without a bolt breakage having occurred.2GThe signaling device may also have a presentation device 44 or display showing the rock boltstate.
    Fig. 6 shows another variant of a monitoring device which differs from the previous one by the signaling device comprising communication means 45 for transmitting and receiving signals via wireless network such as WiFi or or via the mobile network to / from a central display unit 45 arranged elsewhere far from the rock bolt and the monitoring device15.In this variant of the monitoring device 15, the condition of the rock hollow is communicated to the centrally located presentation unit 46. In this variant, the evaluation means 35 and the signaling device 36 emit an output signal 4 which indicates whether the circuit 33 is intact or broken, ie if the bedrock is intact or has fallen off. Furthermore, the evaluation means 35 can emit an outgoing signal 48 which indicates whether the bolt has stretched or not. The color valuation means 35 can also further output an output signal 49 which indicates the analog voltage value Li of the potentiometer. Since the voltage U varies with the elongation of the bolt e, the amount of rock bolt stretched inside the rock is obtained directly. Preferably, the evaluation means 35 evaluates these incoming signals several times per second and sends the output signals via the signaling device 36 and a wireless network to thecentrally located presentation unit.The monitoring device 15 preferably has its own power supply 37, for example through a battery of the button cell type battery to drive the monitoring device. Furthermore, the monitoring device is compactly designed to facilitate handling and assembly, in additionthe production cost was low.In another embodiment of the device, other detectors can also be connected, for example a smoke detector 50 or other suitable sensors to the monitoring device 15 for monitoringthe presence of smoke in the tunnel or mining town.
    Another advantage of the monitoring device is that it can be reused by beingdetachably mounted to the mounting end of the rock hollow and the coupling end of the glare member.
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [1]
    Device for a rock louite 1 which is intended to be cast in a borehole 16, where the rock bolt 1 is provided with an ion-directional tube 2 with a channel ', characterized by an elongate electrically conductive sensor member 10 inserted in the channel 7' of the tube and that the sensor member 10 is connected the anchoring end 4 of the rocker bolt, a monitoring device 15 designed to be connected to the rocker bolt 1, an electrically conductive circuit 33 being formed by interconnecting the rocker bolt 1, the sensor means 10 and the monitoring device 15, and the monitoring device having the evaluation means 35 for evaluating the signaling means. slgnalering of bergbuitens 1 state.
    [2]
    Device for a rock barrel according to claim 1, wherein the tube 2 is designed for detecting the presence of a cavity 26.
    [3]
    Device for a rock bolt according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pipe 2 has a pipe wall 8 provided with through openings 27.
    [4]
    Device for a rock bolt according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the monitoring device 15 is designed to be mounted to the mounting end 6 of the rock bolt.
    [5]
    Device for a rock bolt according to any one of claims 1-4 comprising a detecting means 34 designed for detecting a change of position of the glare means 10.
    [6]
    Device for a rock bolt according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising a detecting means 34 designed for detecting whether the circuit 33 is closed.
    [7]
    Device for a rock bolt according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the detection means 34 comprises a single potentiometer 38 provided with a sliding contact 39, wherein the sensor means 10 is connected to the sliding contact 39.
    [8]
    Device for a rock bolt according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the sensor means 10 comprises a wire or wire.
    [9]
    A device for a rock bolt according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the signaling device 36 comprises a lead weight 43.1; 43.2 arranged on the housing of the monitoring device 44.
    [10]
    10.
    [11]
    11.
    [12]
    12.
    [13]
    13.
    [14]
    14.
    [15]
    15.
    [16]
    16.
    [17]
    17.
    [18]
    A device for a rock bolt according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the signaling device 36 comprises communication means 45 for transmitting and / or receiving signals 46,47,48,49 via wireless network or mobile telephone network to central presentation unit. Device for a rock bolt according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the monitoring device 15 is designed to be detachably mounted to the mounting end of the rock bolt 6. Device for a rock bolt according to any one of claims 1-11 where the rock bolt 1 is designed as a dynamic rock bolt comprising enclosing sleeve along part of A rock bolt 1. A device for a rock bolt according to any one of claims 1-12 wherein the monitoring unit 15 comprises a smoke detector 50. A method of using a device for a rock bolt 1 according to claim 1 comprising the steps of inserting a sensor member 10 into a tube 2 attached to the rock bolt 1 connecting insertion means 10 for the anchoring end of the rock bolt insertion of the rock bolt 1 into boreholes 16 filled with casting compound 13 connecting a monitoring device 15 to the rock bolt 1, interconnecting the rock bolt 1, the sensor means 10 and the monitoring device 15 for forming an electrically conductive circuit 33, and evaluations of change in the condition of the bolt with an evaluation means 35 signaling of the condition of the rock bolt with signaling device 36. Method according to claim 14 comprising detecting the presence of a cavity 26. Method according to any one of claims 14-15 comprising detecting change of position of sensor means 10. Method according to any one of claims 14-16 comprising signaling when elongation e of the rock bolt is detected. A method according to any one of claims 14-17 comprising signaling when a change of position of the sensor means exceeds a predetermined maximum displacement distance taste
    [19]
    19.
    [20]
    20.
    [21]
    21.
    [22]
    22.
    [23]
    A method according to any one of claims 14-18 comprising detecting conductivity in circuit 33, wherein lack of conductivity indicates bolt failure. Method according to any one of claims 14-19, comprising signaling with signaling device 36 when interruption of the rock bolt is detected. Processing according to any one of claims 14-20, wherein the signaling comprises emitting flashing and! or fixed light of LED 43 provided on the monitor 44 of the monitoring device. Method according to any one of claims 14-21. The signaling comprises transmitting and / or receiving signals via wireless W1F1 network or mobile telephone network to central presentation unit. Rock reinforcement system comprising a set of a plurality of rock bolts, each of the bolts 1 being provided with a device according to any one of claims 1-13.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3218580A1|2017-09-20|
    CA2967566A1|2016-05-19|
    AU2015347369A1|2017-06-15|
    SE538499C2|2016-08-09|
    AU2015347369B2|2020-05-14|
    CL2017001226A1|2018-02-02|
    WO2016076788A1|2016-05-19|
    US10370969B2|2019-08-06|
    EP3218580A4|2018-07-11|
    EP3218580B1|2019-10-16|
    US20170321552A1|2017-11-09|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1451357A|SE538499C2|2014-11-13|2014-11-13|Device for rock bolt and method for using the device as well as reinforcing systems including such device.|SE1451357A| SE538499C2|2014-11-13|2014-11-13|Device for rock bolt and method for using the device as well as reinforcing systems including such device.|
    PCT/SE2015/051215| WO2016076788A1|2014-11-13|2015-11-13|Arrangement for rock bolts and a method for the use of the arrangement, and a reinforcement system comprising such an arrangement|
    CA2967566A| CA2967566A1|2014-11-13|2015-11-13|Arrangement for rock bolts and a method for the use of the arrangement, and a reinforcement system comprising such an arrangement|
    US15/526,705| US10370969B2|2014-11-13|2015-11-13|Arrangement for rock bolts and a method for the use of the arrangement, and a reinforcement system comprising such an arrangement|
    EP15859518.1A| EP3218580B1|2014-11-13|2015-11-13|Arrangement for rock bolts and a method for the use of the arrangement, and a reinforcement system comprising such an arrangement|
    AU2015347369A| AU2015347369B2|2014-11-13|2015-11-13|Arrangement for rock bolts and a method for the use of the arrangement, and a reinforcement system comprising such an arrangement|
    CL2017001226A| CL2017001226A1|2014-11-13|2017-05-12|Arrangement of rock bolts and a method for the use of the arrangement, and a reinforcement system comprising said arrangement.|
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